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This paper reviews the researches on acupuncture preconditioning before surgery in recent years and explores its application value from three aspects, i.e. relieving preoperative anxiety, preventing from postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and preventing from postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction. As a relatively safe non-drug treatment, acupuncture has the underlying advantages in participating into multidisciplinary coordination in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). By building up higher-quality medical evidences and revealing the effect mechanism of acupuncture from multi-dimenisonal aspects, it is expected that acupuncture technology can be coordinated with ERAS to optimize the clinical path in the perioperative period, and boost the development of the perioperative medicine ultimately.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Anxiety , Anxiety Disorders , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery , Perioperative PeriodABSTRACT
Objective To compare and analyze the disease burden caused by drinking in China in 1990 and 2019. Methods The global disease burden database 2019 was used to analyze the attribution score (PAF), mortality, disability adjusted life year (DALY) and other indicators attributed to drinking in China in 1990 and 2019. The disease burden caused by alcohol consumption was compared between China and the world as well as different social demographic index (SDI) regions. Results From 1990 to 2019, the PAF attributed to drinking increased by 12.85%. The number of deaths attributed to drinking increased to 514 700, and the mortality increased to 36.18/100 000, while the DALY attributed to drinking increased to 17.2651 million person-years, and the DALY rate increased by 5.16%. The disease burden attributed to drinking was higher in men than that in women, and the attributable mortality and DALY rate in the elderly over 70 years old were higher than those in the young. From 1990 to 2019, the attributable disease burden of esophageal cancer was the highest in China, followed by colorectal cancer. Compared with the world and different SDI regions, China had the lowest standardized DALY rate attributed to drinking. Conclusion Drinking is one of the important risk factors for related diseases and cancers in China, and effective intervention measures should be taken for key populations.
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Objective: To describe the use of non-erythrocyte blood products transfusion in very preterm and extremely preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) in 2019, to explore the disparity between different centers, and to further investigate the rationality and standardability of non-erythrocyte blood products transfusion. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on the CHNN cohort of very preterm and extremely preterm infants. All 6 598 infants with gestational age (GA)<32 weeks and admitted to the 57 NICU of CHNN within 24 h of life in 2019 were enrolled. Non-erythrocyte blood products included platelet, plasma, albumin, immunoglobulin, cryoprecipitate and prothrombin complex. Infants who received at least one type of non-erythrocyte blood products were defined in transfusion group. The comparison between infants with and without transfusion was done by t-test, rank-sum test or χ2 test as appropriate. Linear regression model was used to generate adjusted transfusion rate of each center, and to investigate the correlation between adjusted rate and center-level characteristics. Results: A total of 6 598 infants were enrolled in the study, with gestational age of 30.0 (28.7, 31.0) weeks and birth weight of (1 353±312) g, and 43.6 % (2 877) of them were female. Among them, 42.7% (2 816) infants were enrolled in transfusion group, with the times of transfusion as 3 (1, 6) times. Compared to the infants without any transfusion of non-erythrocyte blood products, those infants received transfusion had lower gestational age (Z=17.62, P<0.01), lower birth weight (t=18.64, P<0.01), higher proportion of small-for-gestation age (χ2=31.06, P<0.01), multiple birth (χ²=12.82, P<0.01) and intensive resuscitation in delivery room (χ²=287.52, P<0.01), as well as lower proportion of females (χ²=10.68, P<0.01) and even lower proportion of infants born in this hospital (χ²=78.23, P<0.01). Among the entire study population, albumin (25.4%, 1 674 cases), immunoglobulin (21.5%, 1 417 cases) and plasma (18.9%, 1 245 cases) were the most commonly used non-erythrocyte blood products. Overall, 60.4% (544/901) infants with gestational age <28 weeks received transfusion 4 (2, 8) times. A total of 39.9% (2 272/5 697) infants between 28-31weeks received non-erythrocyte blood products 3 (1, 6) times. The non-erythrocyte blood products transfusion rates of critically-ill and non-critically-ill infants were 62.2% (1 693/2 723) and 29.0% (1 123/3 875) respectively, and the transfusion times were 4 (2,7) and 2 (1,4) times. The transfusion rates varied significantly among different NICU, and the disparities remained obvious after adjustment (adjusted χ²=153.48, P<0.01). Conclusion: Near half of very preterm and extremely preterm infants admitted to Chinese NICU in 2019 receive non-erythrocyte blood products during hospitalization with significant disparities among different hospitals.
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Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infant, Extremely Premature , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Intensive Care Units, NeonatalABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following pancreaticoduodenectomy and related risk factors in elderly patients.Methods:The clinical data of elderly patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were collected retrospectively. According to the changes of serum creatinine within 48 h or 7 days after operation, the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group. The basic clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the incidence of AKI was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of postoperative AKI.Results:A total of 322 elderly patients were enrolled, with age of (67.1±5.2) years old (60-85 years old) and 186 males (57.76%). Among 322 elderly patients, there were 41 patients (12.73%) suffering from AKI following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Compared with the non-AKI group, the level of bilirubin in AKI group was higher ( Z=-2.012, P=0.044), and the level of hemoglobin in AKI group was lower ( Z=-2.111, P=0.035). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased preoperative total bilirubin ( OR=1.003, 95% CI 1.000-1.006, P=0.027) and postoperative exploratory laparotomy ( OR=3.936, 95% CI 1.071-14.460, P=0.039) were the independent influencing factors for AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patients. Conclusions:The incidence of AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patients is 12.73%. Preoperative high bilirubin and postoperative exploratory laparotomy may be the independent risk factors for AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy in elderly patients.
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ObjectiveThe effect of modified Shengjiangsan on immunoglobulin A （IgA） nephropathy was observed. The microRNA-148b （miRNA-148b）， interleukin 6 （IL-6）， core 1 beta 1，3-galactosyltransferase （C1GALT1）， molecular chaperone Cosmc （core1β3-Gal-T-specific molecular chaperone C1GALT1C1）， and galactose-deficient IgA1 （Gd-IGA1） in serum and kidney tissues of IgA nephropathy rats were detected to explore the underlying mechanism. The result is expected to lay a scientific basis for clinical application of modified Shengjiangsan in the treatment of IgA nephropathy. MethodA total of 42 SPF male SD rats were randomized into the normal group （8rats） and modeling group （34 rats） with the random number table method. After one week of adaptive feeding， rats for modeling were given bovine serum albumin （BSA， gavage）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS， injection into tail vein）， carbon tetrachloride （CCl4， subcutaneous injection）， and castor oil to induce IgA nephropathy. After modeling， two rats were randomly selected to test the modeling outcome. Then the model rats were classified into the model group， low-dose Chinese medicine group （modified Shengjiangsan，6.27 g·kg-1）， high-dose Chinese medicine group （modified Shengjiangsan，12.54 g·kg-1）， and benazepril group （10 mg·kg-1） with the random number table method， 8 in each group. The administration （gavage， once a day） lasted 4 weeks. The 24-h urinary total protein （24 h-UTP） was detected at the end of the 1st， 9th， and 13th week of the experiment. At the 14th week， after anesthesia， femoral artery blood was collected and centrifugated. The supernatant was collected to detect albumin （ALB）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， serum creatinine （SCr）， and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）. The expression levels of IL-6 and Gd-IGA1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Based on hematoxylin-eosin （HE）/Masson/periodic Schiff-methenamine silver （PASM） staining， the pathological changes of renal tissues were observed. Ultrastructural changes of glomeruli were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of miRNA-148b， IL-6， C1GALT1， and C1GALT1C1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mesangial area of the glomeruli was observed by immunofluorescence. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of mirNA-148b， IL-6， C1GALT1， and C1GALT1C1， and Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of IL-6， C1GALT1， and C1GALT1C1. ResultCompared with normal group， the model group showed increase in the content of 24 h-UTP， SCr， ALT， IL-6， and GD-IGA1 （P<0.05）， decrease in ALB content （P<0.05）. Moreover， rats in the model group demonstrated hyperplasia of glomerular mesangial cells， thickening of mesangial area， podocyte foot process effacement， and a large number of granular IgA immune complex in the mesangial area. In addition， the model group showed increase in the expression of IL-6 in mesangial area and podocytes， decrease in the expression of C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1 in mesangial area and podocytes， enhanced expression of IL-6 mRNA and miRNA-148b （P<0.01）， weakened expression of C1GALT1 mRNA and C1GALT1C1 mRNA （P<0.01）， rise of IL-6 protein expression （P<0.01）， and reduction in the protein expression of C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， modified Shengjiangsan decreased the content of 24 h-UTP， SCr， ALT， IL-6， and Gd-IGA1 （P<0.05） and increased the content of ALB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， with the treatment of this Chinese medicine， the pathological damage was significantly alleviated and the deposition of IgA immune complex in basement membrane was reduced. The expression of IL-6 in the mesangial area and podocytes of rats was decreased， and the expression of C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1 in the mesangial area and podocytes of rats was increased. Moreover， the expression of IL-6 mRNA and miRNA-148b was decreased （P<0.01）， and the expression of C1GALT1 mRNA and C1GALT1C1 mRNA was increased （P<0.01）. The protein expression of IL-6 was decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein expression of C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1 was enhanced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Chinese medicine group showed obvious dose-effect trend. ConclusionModified Shengjiangsan may reduce the expression of miRNA-148b and IL-6 in serum and kidney tissue of IgA nephropathy rats， restore the expression of C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1， and decrease the generation of Gd-IGA1， so as to reduce renal pathological damage and proteinuria， protect the kidney protection， and finally delay the disease progression. Moreover， the effect is enhanced with the rise of dose.
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The increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes has made diabetic kidney disease （DKD） the main cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Despite current pharmacological interventions for blood glucose control and renin-angiotensin system inhibition， the risk of kidney disease progression and complications remains high. At present， the pathogenesis of DKD has been clarified to be related to chronic inflammatory response， oxidative stress， glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， and hemodynamic abnormalities. According to recent studies， the programmed cell deaths （PCD） of renal intrinsic cells such as pyroptosis and necroptosis play a key role in the occurrence and development of DKD. Pyroptosis and necroptosis， the two newly discovered routes of PCD， can protect the hosts from being invaded by microbial pathogens， but their dysregulation is associated with multiple autoimmunity and autoinflammatory responses. Pyroptosis and necroptosis are closely interlinked and cross-regulated. Different from apoptosis， these two cellular suicide mechanisms cause membrane rupture and release of cell contents through their respective gasdermin D （GSDMD） and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein （MLKL）， with damage-associated molecular patterns （DAMPs） and inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β （IL-1β） involved to trigger inflammation， and chronic inflammatory responses are key factors leading to the progression of DKD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has long been employed for the prevention and treatment of DKD and the resulting clinical outcomes are remarkable. TCM has been proved to exert a protective effect against DKD by affecting the expression of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome， receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 （RIPK3）， and MLKL. This paper reviewed the relationship of pyroptosis and necroptosis with DKD and its intervention with TCM.
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ObjectiveTo preliminarily predict the active components， targets， and signaling pathways of modified Shengjiangsan in the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） based on network pharmacology， and to explore its underlying mechanism through molecular docking and experimental verification on animals. MethodThe active ingredients and related targets of modified Shengjiangsan were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP）， UniProt， SwissTargetPrediction， and literature review. IgAN-related targets were obtained from GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）. Cytoscape 3.9.0 was used to construct the regulation network of the related targets of Shengjiangsan and IgAN， and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was plotted by STRING. The common genes were analyzed for gene ontology （GO） functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment by Metascape. Key targets and main active ingredients were selected for molecular docking by AutoDockTools 1.5.6. The experimental model of IgAN was induced by bovine serum albumin（BSA， ig） combined with lipopolysaccharide （LPS， iv） and the complex of CCl4 and castor oil （sc） in rats. The model rats were treated with modified Shengjiangsan and benazepril hydrochloride for four weeks. The rats were sacrificed after drug administration. The levels of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the serum and kidney tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， immunohistochemistry， Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and Western blot. ResultA total of 105 active ingredients were obtained according to oral bioavailability（OB）， drug-likeness（DL）， and literature screening. There were 124 common genes and 59 core targets. Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 1 （NTRK1）， cullin-3 （CUL3）， tumor protein 53 （TP53）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， exportin 1 （XPO1）， and other targets might be closely related to IgAN. As predicted by KEGG enrichment analysis， the treatment of IgAN with modified Shengjiangsan mainly involved the phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway， and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway. As revealed by molecular docking， the main active ingredients in modified Shengjiangsan showed stable binding activities with NTRK1， CUL3， TP53， EGFR， and XPO1 in the core targets， indicating that it presumedly regulated inflammatory responses by affecting NTRK1， CUL3， TP53， EGFR， and XPO1 target proteins. The results of experimental verification on animals showed that the expression levels of cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-6 in the serum and kidney tissues of IgAN rats were significantly decreased by modified Shengjiangsan， suggesting that Shengjiangsan might inhibit excessive fibrosis， and inflammatory and immune responses by regulating signaling pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction， PI3K/Akt， and NF-κB. ConclusionModified Shengjiangsan may treat IgAN through multiple targets and pathways. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of excessive fibrosis， and inflammatory and immune responses by affecting the expression of NTRK1， CUL3， TP53， EGFR， and XPO1 and the regulation of the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction， PI3K/Akt， NF-κB， and other signaling pathways.
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Working memory is an important foundation for advanced cognitive function. The paper combines the spatiotemporal advantages of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the neurovascular coupling mechanism of working memory. In the data analysis, the convolution matrix of time series of different trials in EEG data and hemodynamic response function (HRF) and the blood oxygen change matrix of fNIRS are extracted as the coupling characteristics. Then, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to calculate the cross correlation between the two modal features. The results show that CCA algorithm can extract the similar change trend of related components between trials, and fNIRS activation of frontal pole region and dorsolateral prefrontal lobe are correlated with the delta, theta, and alpha rhythms of EEG data. This study reveals the mechanism of neurovascular coupling of working memory, and provides a new method for fusion of EEG data and fNIRS data.
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Electroencephalography/methods , Memory, Short-Term , Neurovascular Coupling/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methodsABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of death in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) combined with acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) after continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).Methods:The demographic and clinical data of ICU patients with ARDS combined with AKI after CRRT at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were collected. According to the final treatment results of this hospitalization, the patients were divided into death group and survival group. Survival was defined as the improved patient's condition and hospital discharge. Death was defined as the patient's death during the ICU hospitalization or confirmed death after abandoning treatment and automatically being discharged from the hospital in the follow-up. The basic clinical characteristics and CRRT status between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of death in patients.Results:A total of 132 patients were enrolled, of which 90 patients (68.2%) died, with 84 males (63.6%) and median age of 59(45, 73) years. Compared with the survival group, the death group had higher age, proportion of malignant tumors, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, number of organ dysfunction and proportion of positive balance of fluid accumulation at 72 hours, longer time from entering ICU to CRRT, and lower mean arterial pressure (minimum value) and oxygenation index (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the age≥60 years old ( OR=4.382, 95% CI 1.543-12.440, P=0.006), large number of organ dysfunction ( OR=1.863, 95% CI 1.109-3.130, P=0.019), high SOFA score ( OR=1.231, 95% CI 1.067-1.420, P=0.004) and long time from ICU admission to CRRT ( OR=1.224, 95% CI 1.033~1.451, P=0.020) were independent influencing factors of death in patients with ARDS combined with AKI after CRRT, and high oxygenation index ( OR=0.992, 95% CI 0.986-0.998, P=0.010) was an independent protective factor for patients' prognosis. Conclusions:The mortality of patients with ARDS combined with AKI after CRRT is still high. The age≥60 years old, large number of organ dysfunction, high SOFA score and long time from ICU admission to CRRT are independent influencing factors for death, and high oxygenation index is an independent protective factor for prognosis in patients with ARDS combined with AKI after CRRT.
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OBJECTIVE：To prepare supersaturated system of lip ophilic aci clovir（ACV）prodrug，and to increase the cutaneous bioavailability of ACV. METHODS ：Three prodrugs of ACV were synthesized by anhydride acylation ，i.e. aciclovir acetate （ACV-Ace），butyrate（ACV-But）and hexanoate （ACV-Hex）. The structures of ACV and three ACV prodrugs were confirmed by 1H-NMR and HRESI-MS ；the concentrations of ACV and three ACV prodrugs were determined by UPLC-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry ，and saturated solubility of them in different volume fractions of propylene glycol-water solution was calculated. The compound with the greatest potential of form supersaturated system was screened out. The supersaturated system of that compound was prepared by co-solvent method. The effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E 3 （HPMC E 3） on its physical stability was observed by light microscope. Vertical Franz diffusion cells were used to study the effects of degree of supersaturation （DS）and HPMC E 3 on the deposited amount of drug in the excised porcine skin after using the supersaturated system for 1 h. The distribution of ACV in the excised porcine skin was determined by frozen slicing stratified quantitative method after using the supersaturated system and marketed aciclovir cream for 1 h. RESULTS ：Three ACV prodrugs were successfully synthesized. The established quantification methods met the requirements of biological sample analysis. Among all of the three ACV prodrugs ， ACV-Hex showed the lowest saturated solubility in water [ （0.5±0.0）mmol/L] a nd the highest saturated solubility in propylene glycol [（53.4 ± 14.2）mmol/L]，which made it potentially feasible to form supersaturated system with high DS. In 10％propylene glycol-water system ，the addition of HPMC E 3 163.com enabled ACV-Hex supersaturated systems ，with DS no morethan 4，to maintain physical stability within 1 h. The total deposited amount （ACV + ACV-Hex ） in skin after the application of ACV-Hex supersaturated system with DS of 4 for 1 h was higher than that after the application of ACV-Hex supersaturated system with DS less than 4 or without HPMC E 3. In addition ，the concentration of ACV in the basal epidermis （skin thickness was 100-160 mm）by supersaturated system was significantly higher than that of the marketed aciclovir cream （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：ACV-Hex，the lipophilic prodrug of ACV ，can form stable supersaturated system with DS of 4 in 10％ propylene glycol-water system in the presence of HPMC E 3. High concentration of ACV could be accumulated in the basal epidermis after the skin was exposed to supersaturated system for 1 h，which may be valuable for local treatment skin infection of herpes simplex virus .
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Objective:To evaluate the impact of laparotomy pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD), laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) and Da Vinci robot assisted pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) on the risk of pancreatic fistula in postoperative patients.Methods:The key words were laparoscopic, pancreaticoduodenectomy, robot, DaVinci, Whipple, complication, fistula, pancreaticoduodenectomy, laparoscopy, robot, postoperative complications and pancreatic fistula, and the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and web of science were searched until August 1, 2020 for retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of OPD, LPD and RPD. The articles were screened according to the pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the articles was evaluated and the data were extracted. Based on Bayesian framework, R4.0.2, Revman 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software were used to analyze the extracted data for mesh meta analysis.Results:Thirty articles involving 3 428 patients were included, including 26 retrospective cohort studies and 4 randomized controlled studies. Mesh meta-analysis showed that in the incidence of pancreatic fistula, there was no significant difference between LPD and OPD, between LPD and RPD ( OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.63-1.4; OR=1.4, 95% CI 0.87-2.2, P<0.05), but the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula was significantly lower than that of OPD ( OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, P<0.05), 95% CI 1.12.1; P>0.05). The risk probability of pancreatic fistula was ranked as RPD (0.00), LPD(0.34) and OPD(0.65), that is, for the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula, the advantages and disadvantages of the three surgical methods were ranked as RPD, LPD and OPD. Conclusions:Compared with OPD, RPD can significantly reduce the risk of pancreatic fistula after PD and improve the quality of operation; there was no significant difference between LPD and RPD in the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula, and both of them were safe and feasible.
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Prostate cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of male urogenital system, and the incidence of prostate cancer in China has increased significantly in the past decade. At present, endocrine therapy based on androgen blockade is the main method of clinical treatment except radical surgery and radiotherapy/chemotherapy for prostate cancer. However, the clinical benefit can only be obtained in the early stage of treatment, and nearly 90% of patients will develop to the castration resistance, and among them, nearly 90% of patients will have bone metastasis. The quality of life decreases sharply with the progression of disease for patients. In addition to the androgen signal pathway, studies have shown that many other oncogenic signal pathways have involved in the development of castration resistance, including classic cancer signaling pathways, immune and inflammatory signaling pathways, etc. Understanding the mechanism of androgen independent signal pathway in the formation of castration resistance will help to understand the off-target effect of androgen blocking therapy and introduce new treatment targets or strategies to get rid of the "no drug available" dilemma for clinical treatment of castration resistance.
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Endometriosis is a prevalent chronic disease that affects approximately 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women. Although numerous researchers have endeavored to explore the etiology of endometriosis over a century, its etiology still remains an enigma. The exploration of pathophysiologic mechanism and novel therapy for endometriosis depends on ideal endometriotic models. In the previous decade, various endometriotic models have been established; therefore, we made a conclusion for available information on these models. This review summarized the common experimental models used in endometriotic studies, including their origins, characteristics, applications, and limitations. Endometriotic models played an important role in studying etiologies and novel treatments of endometriosis during the last decades. Among them, animal models and endometriotic cell lines were viewed as most common studying tools to explore the intrinsic entities of endometriosis. In addition, endometrial organoid also emerged and was regarded as an ideal studying tool for endometriosis research. Different research models collectively complement each other to advance the endometriosis research. The successful establishment of endometrial organoids means that organoids are expected to become an ideal model for studying endometriosis in the future.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the pericarpium of Metaplexis japonica. Methods: The petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of 95% ethanol extract from M. japonica were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MPLC and preparative HPLC, etc. The structures of the obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as (15β,21α)-dihydroxypregna-17,20-trimethylene oxide-4,6-dien-3-one (1), 25-hydroperoxycyc-loart-23-en-3β-ol (2), α-amyrin (3), scoparone (4), aleuritin (5), syringaresinol (6), pergularin-3-O-β-D-oleanodropyranose (7), (20β)-21-dihydroxypregna-4,6-dien-3-one (8), blumenol A (9) and 4-pregnen-20,21- diol-3-one (10). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new C21 steroidal compound named metajapogenin F, compounds 2 and 10 are isolated from the genus Metaplexis for the first time, and compound 8 is isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective@#To study the current situation and relevant risk factors for disability and dementia among the elderly in urban areas of Jiangsu province.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select representative elderly people aged 60 years and over in urban areas in Jiangsu Province, and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted.The activities of daily living(ADL)scale and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)were used to assess the status of disability and dementia.And the relevant risk factors for disability and dementia were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression methods.@*Results@#A total of 1 600 elderly people were investigated and 1 514 valid questionnaires were recovered.The effective recovery rate was 94.6%.The rates of disability and dementia were 17.9%(271/1 514)and 8.5%(129/1 514)respectively in the elderly in Jiangsu urban areas.Univariate analysis showed that age, marital status, education level, empty-nest, whether or not to suffer from chronic diseases, health status, medication, and whether or not to have dementia were significantly related with the disability in the elderly(P<0.01). And age, gender, marital status, education level, whether or not to suffer from chronic diseases, health status, medication, and whether or not to have disability were significantly related with the dementia in the elderly(P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors associating with increasing disability in the elderly were advanced age(OR=16.371), non-marriage(OR=1.917), chronic disease(OR=2.256), poor health condition(OR=23.214), dementia(OR=4.067)and insufficient income(OR=1.607)(P<0.05). And the factors associating with increasing risks for dementia in the elderly were advanced age(OR=2.864), female(OR=1.610), poor health condition(OR=3.097), empty nest(OR=1.607)and disability(OR=4.026)(P<0.05). Therefore, comprehensive measures should be taken for intervention of disability and dementia in the elderly.@*Conclusions@#The incidence of disability and dementia is high among the elderly in urban areas of Jiangsu Province.Disability and dementia are the results of the interaction effect of health, family and social factors.Therefore, comprehensive measures against risk factors should be taken for intervention of disability and dementia in the elderly.
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Objective To study the current situation and relevant risk factors for disability and dementia among the elderly in urban areas of Jiangsu province.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select representative elderly people aged 60 years and over in urban areas in Jiangsu Province,and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted.The activities of daily living (ADL) scale and mini-mental state examination(MMSE) were used to assess the status of disability and dementia.And the relevant risk factors for disability and dementia were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression methods.Results A total of 1 600 elderly people were investigated and 1 514 valid questionnaires were recovered.The effective recovery rate was 94.6％.The rates of disability and dementia were 17.9 ％ (271/1 514) and 8.5 ％ (129/1 514) respectively in the elderly in Jiangsu urban areas.Univariate analysis showed that age,marital status,education level,empty-nest,whether or not to suffer from chronic diseases,health status,medication,and whether or not to have dementia were significantly related with the disability in the elderly(P ＜0.01).And age,gender,marital status,education level,whether or not to suffer from chronic diseases,health status,medication,and whether or not to have disability were significantly related with the dementia in the elderly(P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors associating with increasing disability in the elderly were advanced age(OR =16.371),non-marriage(OR =1.917),chronic disease (OR =2.256),poor health condition(OR =23.214),dementia (OR =4.067) and insufficient income (OR =1.607)(P＜0.05).And the factors associating with increasing risks for dementia in the elderly were advanced age(OR =2.864),female(OR =1.610),poor health condition(OR =3.097),empty nest (OR =1.607) and disability (OR =4.026) (P ＜ 0.05).Therefore,comprehensive measures should be taken for intervention of disability and dementia in the elderly.Conclusions The incidence of disability and dementia is high among the elderly in urban areas of Jiangsu Province.Disability and dementia are the results of the interaction effect of health,family and social factors.Therefore,comprehensive measures against risk factors should be taken for intervention of disability and dementia in the elderly.
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Objective To study the health status ,the current health service needs and the influencing factors concerning the rural elderly population in Northern Jiangsu. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted in elderly people over 60 in Xuzhou ,Lianyungang ,and Suqian.Participants were face-to-face interviewed with questionnaires.Information on health status and health service needs was collected and analyzed. Results A total of 2655 elderly people were enrolled in this study ,including 1252 males (47.2%)and 1403 (52.8%)females with a mean age of (70.9 ± 6.7)years.Self-assessed health was generally poor ,with the two-week morbidity at 26.6%and the prevalence of chronic diseases at 60.1%;46.5% of the participants regularly took medications ;4.1% of them had physical disability ;8.2% had impaired daily activities ;The two-week hospital visit rate was 29.4%;The one-year hospitalization rate was 18.5%;The rate of non-hospitalization for people in need of hospitalization was 27.6%.Multivariate analysis showed that old age(OR＝5.51) ,adequate income(OR＝2.29)and short journey to a medical institution (OR＝7.90) were associated with high two-week hospital visit rates ;old age(OR ＝ 1.76) ,female gender(OR ＝1.36) ,empty-nest(OR＝ 1.37 ) ,family harmony (OR＝ 1.91 ) ,having chronic diseases (OR＝ 3.49 ) , and high frequency in taking medications (OR＝1.69)were correlated with high hospitalization rates. Conclusions The elderly population in rural areas of Northern Jiangsu shows poor health ,has high needs for health services ,and lacks sufficient service utilization.
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Objective To learn the prevalence and related factors of hypertension and prehypertension among adults in Xishan District of Wuxi City, and to provide scientific evidence for further prevention and control. Methods Questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among the 5472 community residents aged 18 and above who were selected from eight towns in Xishan District by multistage stratified random cluster sampling. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the risk factors of hypertension and prehypertension. Results A total of 5472 questionnaires were issued and 5111 valid questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 93.40%. The prevalence rate of prehypertension was 44.00% , and the standardized rate was 43.72%. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 24.09% , and the standardized rate was 23.17% . Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.027, 95% CI:1.021~1.033), male (OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.601~2.241), waistline (OR=1.062, 95%CI: 1.049~1.075) and BMI (OR=1.271, 95%CI: 1.106~1.461) were risk factors for prehypertension. Furthermore, age (OR=1.101, 95%CI:1.093~1.109), male (OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.157~1.860), waistline (OR=1.103, 95%CI: 1.086~1.120) and BMI (OR=1.735, 95% CI: 1.449 ~ 2.078) , daily drinking (OR=1.522, 95% CI: 1.066 ~ 2.174) and family history of hypertension (OR=2.823, 95%CI: 2.305~3.459) were risk factors for hypertension. High family income, more physical exercise and fruit were the protection of prehypertension and hypertension. Conclusion Male, advanced age, overweight or obesity were the focus of prevention and treatment of hypertension. Prehypertension screening and healthy lifestyle were beneficial to reduce the risk of hypertension.
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Objective To identify the risk factors for surgical site infections after operation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), so as to provide warning signs for preventing such incidents. Methods The data of 4042 LC patients from January 2003 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The risk factors for surgical site infections were identified among demographic data, preoperative patients′history, and operative data using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Surgical site infections after LC was seen in 7.2% (291/4042) of the patients. Multivariate analysis identified the following parameters as risk factors for surgical site infections: additional surgical procedure ( OR 4.011, 95%CI 2.149-7.486), age over 55 years (OR 2.398, 95%CI 1.777-3.235), conversion to open procedure (OR 2.647, 95%CI 1.935-3.621), postoperative hematoma (OR 1.910, 95%CI 1.192-3.060), duration of operation >60 min (OR 2.493, 95%CI 1.710-3.635), cystic stump insufficiency (OR 12.451, 95%CI 4.169-37.189), gallbladder perforation (OR 6.161, 95%CI 2.365-16.047), gallbladder empyema (OR 1.704, 95%CI 1.080-2.689), and surgical revision (OR 15.725, 95%CI 10.439-23.686). Surgical site infections were associated with a significantly prolonged hospital stay (P60 min, age >55 years, conversion to open procedure, cystic stump insufficiency, postoperative hematoma, gallbladder perforation, gallbladder empyema, or surgical revision were identified as specific risk factors for surgical site infections after LC.
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AIM:To detect the endogenous expression of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 member B (BCL6B) in FHC and LoVo cells, and to investigate the effects of BCL6B on proliferation and migration of LoVo cells for further explo-ring the underlying mechanism .METHODS:The endogenous expression of BCL 6B in the FHC and LoVo cells was detec-ted by RT-PCR and Western blot .The methods of MTT assay , colony formation assay , wound healing assay and Transwell chamber experiment were employed to examine the biological functions of BCL 6B in the LoVo cells.The mRNA and protein levels of BCL6B, cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9) were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot , re-spectively.The level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) was detected by Western blot.RESULTS:BCL6B ex-pression was notably repressed in the LoVo cells as compared with the FHC cells , which were significantly increased by transfection with pcDNA3.1-BCL6B.The abilities of proliferation and migration of the LoVo cells at 72 h were inhibited by 28.33%(P<0.01) and 36.11%(P<0.05) in BCL6B group.The mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and MMP-9 in the cells of BCL6B group were decreased by 39.90%(P<0.01) and 77.36% (P <0.05), and the protein levels of cyclin D1, MMP-9 and p-AKT were reduced by 44.00%(P<0.05), 47.06%(P<0.01) and 32.88% (P<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION:BCL6B inhibits proliferation and migration of the LoVo cells , and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is in-volved in this process .